Chapter 4(Culture and Religion)

Chapter 4(Culture and Religion)
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Ch 4 discussed various philosophical and important religious figures including Confucius, Socrates, Buddha and Mohammed that were born during the Classical Era.

 Confucius

  • China 500BC
  • Analects- written by students and followers 
  • Chinese teacher who believes in the power of education and looking for to create a harmonious society through moral example
  • emphasis on respect for order and place in social relationships
  • Mandate of heaven-if there is peace among people, that leader is the correct leader
  • teachings practiced in China/East Asia

Socrates

  • Born in Greece 400BC 
  • Teacher who focused on the  “explanation of nature and human life”
  • Students wrote his ideas on his behalf through Dialogues
  • Father of philosophy- developed socratic method
  • "knowledge is obtained through reason"
  • focused on philosophical questioning
  • teachings practiced all over the world

Buddha

  • India 500BC
  • idea that it is possible to end suffering, all individuals can do this and can achieve enlightenment
  • followers wrote his ideas
  • "to let go of worldly attachments/end of suffering"
  • 4 Noble Truths
  • don't have to die to become enlightened

Mohammed

  • Middle East 600 AD
  • words written by followers
  • Quran
  • 5 Pillars of Islam
  • religion and politics can't be separated

Hindu


  • India
  • not a person, a belief(system of gods)
  • goal of human life is enlightenment
  • karma is pathway to enlightenment through reincarnation


Jesus

  • Bethlahem 1st century AD
  • Bible-New Testament
  • "love, forgiveness, heaven"
  • all people can achieve heaven though redemption

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