Chapter 2 Documents and (First Civilizations)

Chapter 2 Document
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What specific features of the statue can you point out?

In the image of "The Man," is a statue with many significant features. The statue is of a tall man of some higher power due to his clothing. His clothing is designed with flowers and he is wearing a crown. He is looking up as if he is holding is head high in confidence. He is also missing an arm, probably due to war??

Chapter 2 (First Civilizations)
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• Civilization showed up in 7 different locations around the world in the beginning

• First civilizations emerged from 3500 B.C.E.-3000 B.C.E. in present day Iraq (Mesopotamia), Egypt, and Norte Chico (N. Central Peru). 

• Other civilizations that appeared: Indus Valley, China, and Olmec.

• Mesopotamia is one of the earliest civilizations (3500-3000 B.C.E.)

• Mesopotamia developed the first written language

• Indus Valley civilization in Indus and Saraswati river valleys (3000-2000B.C.E.)

• Little is known of Indus Valley Civilization(uncertain as to how society was organized)

• no palaces, temples, elaborate graves, kings, or warrior classes

• The Indus Valley people were one of the first civilizations in the Ancient Era, emerging in 2500 B.C.E. In this civilization it was uncertain as to how society was organized. There has been no recordings of social hierarchy, no palaces, temples, classes, or burials of status. Their written script remains undeciphered. What is known about the Indus Valley civilization is that they had cities that standardized things and had architectural styles. This is where the idea of urban planning began. The first flushing toilet also began here which began the modernization of the plumbing system. Little is know about this civilization because invasions resulted in such destruction of this civilization.

• Norte Chico (2500 B.C.E.)

• The cities showed less evidence of economic specialization 

• less advanced than Mesopotamia and Egypt

• massive stepped pyramids and extensive use of cotton.

• The China Civilization (2200 B.C.E.) This was also part of the Xia dynasty from 2070 -1600 B.C.E. 

• Wu “Master the waters and made the flow through in great channels.”

• For each monarch people erected lavished tombs for their leaders with thousands of human sacrifices. 

• Political ideology emerged creating the “son of heaven.” 

Equality and Societies

• inequalities in wealth, status, and power

• upper and lower class

• most of the population was lower class

• slaves at bottom of hierarchies